Strategy

Open Access Article

1 - Cloud Computing- The Business Perspective: Appropriate Strategies to Eliminate or Decrease of Weaknesses and Threats
Maryam Ashoori Farid Khosh Alhan najme jooriyan

10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.004

Todays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Org More

Todays, Internet have been engulfed all aspects of our life. Cloud computing is the newest presenting of internet on the ubiquitous web. Cloud computing considered as a provider of host benefits and has addictive natural in information technology and Business world. Organizations need to search extra addiction and considering real value of compounding cloud in business. Establishing business on cloud needed deployment models and cloud services. Also we can receive greater services by spending lower costs. This research has studied cloud system and its components, the business perspective, which is starting organization's business on cloud needed. In addition, concepts of core technology and SWOT analysis of small and medium organizations and available challenges have been explained in the world of cloud. Then, this paper has presented suggestive strategies for converting weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunity. The proposed strategies help decreasing-cost and increasing productivity in organizations and normal users. They cause to improve profitability in business that they related to cloud computing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Offering a Conceptual Framework to Identify the Right Tools to Formulate Innovation Strategy Using Integrating Innovative Capabilities and Decision Making Methods
Farhad Shahmiry Naser Amnpour

Of all the aspects of management of technological innovation (MTI), innovation strategy is the most challenging. Appropriate MTI, leads to value delivery, sustaining competitiveness, profit making, refreshing working environments, maintaining and retaining productive la More

Of all the aspects of management of technological innovation (MTI), innovation strategy is the most challenging. Appropriate MTI, leads to value delivery, sustaining competitiveness, profit making, refreshing working environments, maintaining and retaining productive labor. Successful MTI occurs solely when a broad set of elements and organizational activities are well managed and integrated within innovation strategy of organization. Firms can be very good at the various activities involved in MTI, such as R&D or operations, but this accounts for little unless it is supported by a well-grounded innovation strategy that guides firms’ choices, prioritizations, and sequences. One of the concepts in the field of innovation strategy is innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities are defined as bundles and patterns of skills used by firms to formulate and implement an innovation strategy involving the creation, extension, and modification of those resources and skills used for innovation. In each phase of the innovation strategy formulation, different tools may be used. Choosing the right tool depends on various criteria. Some of the criteria are as follows: Is firm new or well established, large or small, centralized or dispersed in its organization, deals in simple or complex products and services, operates within well-defined or uncertain technological and market circumstances, with a major or minor impact on society, safety, and the environment. In the article, using an integrated approach of innovative method and innovative decision-making method based on engineering technical innovation, and innovative capabilities, right tools in each phase of innovative capabilities, which finally leads to strategy formulation, is recognized. Some of the most practical tools are SWOT analysis and Delphi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Commercialization in Innovation Management and Introduce Major Commercialization Models for High Tech Industries
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exp More

Today, the biggest challenge which researchers, companies and investors are faced with is how and by using which strategies they can make new science and technologies profitable. So we should find the problem in commercialization process and state of the opportunity exploitation. The decision of the “right” time to exploit opportunities is an important one in creating a successful business. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and it’s an inevitable phase of idea to the market journey for every products. Commercialization is an attempt to profit from innovation by incorporating new technologies into products, processes, and services and selling them in the marketplace. For many new technologies, commercialization implies scaling up from prototype to volume manufacturing and committing greater resources to marketing and sales activities. Commercialization strategies indicate different ways of exploitation of researches and technologies that researchers and start-up companies need them for transferring knowledge from concept to the market. On the other hand, decisions to commercialize new technology are closely linked to characteristics of the innovation system in which the firm operates. Choosing a proper Commercialization strategy and also a model is one of the most crucial decisions a firm makes in terms of its ability to profit from technologies developed within the firm. In this article, we define commercialization process and the importance of this issue. Then we introduce some models and strategies used for technology commercialization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Technology Exploitation Mechanisms In Biotechnology
Jahangir Yadoollahi Farsi Zahra Kalanhaei

20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.7.0

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its ca More

Biotechnology industry has a special place among novel industries and its progress and development speed just in less than three years, is seems surprising. Biotechnology is one of those crucial and important technologies that its success and impact are caused by its capabilities and extended applications. Most biotech companies are small start ups and although they have been working for several years in this area, they have not been able to achieve significant profitability yet. The evidence proves that there are some problems in process of translating research findings into commercial outcomes. The term commercialization strategy is refers to research and technology exploitation methods in front of researchers and scientists to move their science streams from concept to the market environment. This article intended to identify and introduce the most appropriate strategy of research commercialization in the Iranian biotechnology companies through the mixed methods study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Explaining Analytical Structure of Strategy in Research and Technology Organizations
Mahdi Bandariyan

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulat More

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulated and executed based on incompatible models. In other side, many managers of RTOs are familiar with strategic management approach, but each has its own interpretation of that concept. Accordingly, the raised issue is what is the interpretation of strategy in RTOs? The study’s purpose is to explore the analytical concept of strategy in RTOs, to generate a frame that facilitates the process of strategic management in RTOs. Generally, organizational strategy determines the future direction and draws how the organization wants to achieve it. This study explains the analytical structure of strategy in RTOs and finally concluded that strategy in RTOs is begin by recognizing a technological opportunity based on industry challenges and by achieving that technological competencies which are correspond to those challenges within the budgeted time and money, the strategy achieved successfully. In analytical structure of strategy in Research and Technology Organizations after determining the required technological competencies and the different technological solutions to achieve each of them, the way to achieve any of its technological solutions to be studied. The range options to achieve a technological solution are form technology transfer of foreign sources to internal development in RTOs. Between those two end points, there are different pattern of technological cooperation and partnership to developing a targeted technology, which some of them are strategic alliance, strategic partnership and joint venture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Advantages, Risks and Challenges of Outsourcing Strategy
Rohollah Khodaverdi Ehsan Zohre bojnordi

Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their compe More

Organizations, recognizing that they cannot be world class in every activity and function involved in producing their products and services, are moving toward business strategies based on "core competencies"- a set of "skill and knowledge" that help maintain their competitive advantage in serving customers. Outsourcing is promoted as one of the most powerful trends that improve organization efficiency and growth. Outsourcing was defined as the operation of shifting a transaction previously-governed internally to an external supplier through a long-term contract. The most common benefits of outsourcing are: downsizing, cost savings, restructuring costs, focus on core business, quality improvement, operational expertise, access to talent, capacity management, and risk management. Nowadays organizations focus on core competencies and downsizing and try to outsource other activities to external provider. Also outsourcing helps organizations to achieve new organization's structure like flat organization and fast response organization. This article is aimed at presenting the advantages, risks and challenges of outsourcing strategy. After an introduction with outsourcing, a definition of outsourcing, outsourcing history and a review of outsourcing's features will be presented. In the following sections, we examine the motives and risks associated with outsourcing operations and propose a number of recommendations that require managers to focus on implementation of outsourcing operations. Also the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing are reviewed and a framework for the service activities of outsourcing will propose. The proposed framework considers moderator and independent variables of outsourcing and how they affect service activities. The outsourcing model for service activities emphasizes different service aspects and is also simple and holistic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Knowledge Management and Firm's Competitive Strategy:The Role of Strategic Reference Points (SRPs)
Omid Mahdiye

The best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an indivi More

The best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers, but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an individual, an organization, an industry, a country does in acquiring and applying knowledge will become the key competitive factor. An organization with a good sense of KM has the potential to create significant value, but only if it is linked to its overall strategy and strategic decisions. Knowledge management (KM) is the latest strategy in increasing organizational competitiveness. The concept of treating organizational knowledge as a valuable strategic asset has recently become extremely common. KM efforts have been primarily focused on developing new applications of information technology, complemented to a lesser degree with implementing new organizational forms. The link between knowledge and business strategy has basically been overlooked. Thus KM has unfortunately developed into a matter of information technology primarily, followed by one of organizational behavior with business strategy generally not even considered. The purpose of present paper is to identify the relationship between KM and the firm's competitive advantage. In the first section the pertinent literature related to knowledge management and its impact on the competitive advantage of the firm was examined. Then the Porter's (1979) five forces model and Wernerfelt's (1984) Resource-based view of the firm were reviewed. In the next section the link between KM and strategy formulation by drawing on the resource-based view of the firm is addressed. In the last section the strategic reference points (SRPs) theory has been introduced and applied for classifying the KM strategies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Technology strategy and position based models
Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan Afsoon Fahtollahi

In the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the con More

In the two recent decades, Technology Strategy is especially concerned as a vital necessity of firms and industries. As a consequence too many different models and approaches have been developed by professors on this era. This article, at first takes a survey on the concepts of technology and technology strategy. Then it will categorize the different perspectives upon the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy, and then the most important one will be explained. Furthermore, after a brief explanation on technology strategy dimensions, the evolution of managerial approaches will be described. In this paper we have also introduced the characteristics of different approaches for developing technology strategy, especially by positioning based approach, and the well known models of positioning based approach for developing technology strategy are described. As a conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decisions and being product or process technology oriented Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Design of Opportunities Selection Model and their Commercialization in R&D Centres
Ahmad Mosaei

Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merel More

Nowadays, pay attention to research and development in Iran (our country) is more important than previous and especially more than developed countries. If Research is being directive it could be solvent for most of the disaster. In the current companies R&D is the merely competitive advantage and only organizations could be sustainable that have installed R&D. Hence this paper aim to develop a directive model for R&D centers in Iran to improve efficiency and effectiveness of such centers. Through Step by step executing of such model, R&D organization could be certain that each of their ideas (if being opportunity) will locate in a directive and default road to arrive the market. This will lead to a clear position to research plan in the R&D organization. The important characteristic of the model is that Market research, marketing, and commercialization are some of the stages of that which lead to inhibit of accumulation of no applicable knowledge in R&D organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Technology Strategy and Resource Base Approach
Omid Majd Rahim Abadi Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan

This article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different per More

This article takes a look on the concepts of technology strategy as well as providing detail information on process oriented approach. The other aim of this article is to show the position of the technology strategy among the business strategy and nominate different perspectives upon this issue, and then two important perspectives will be explained. Following, the charactristics of different approaches for developing techgnology strategy, especially resource base approach, are introduced and the well known models of resource base approach for developing technology strategy are described. As the conclusion, models are getting compared to each other within a table under the basis of deployment steps of models, level of application, key strategic decision and product/process technology oriented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Applying Strategic Project Management as a new Approach to Project Management
Elham Soltani teymor marjani

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.008

Today, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in t More

Today, in most project-based organizations, project managers are facing with many challenges. Projects are organizational strategic processes, performed to achieve business goals. Researches indicate a large number of organizations do not achieve the business goals in the execution of their projects. Therefore, in order to reduce and control the problems of the projects, the classic project management approach must be changed to strategic project management for optimizing the performance and success of a project. Strategic project management can propel companies to better achieve corporate goals. So, organizations should have a formal planning and execution framework in accordance with the strategic approach, to achieve competitive advantage and better performance. Project managers and teams must learn how to focus the business aspects of their projects and better support their company’s strategy, rather than just focus on meeting traditional time, budget, and performance goals. This paper employs a literature review approach, and presents the description of the strategic project management concept and its difference with classical project management. Then, the strategic project management models that help organizations to achieve success and create a competitive advantage have been reviewed. Finally, the authors have concluded, in order to achieve competitive advantage, project success and better performance of organization, the executive and project managers should consider the strategic aspect of project management and implement strategic project management processes in organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Criminal Entrepreneurial Behavior: Literature Review
Mojtaba Nahid Roghayeh izadi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.005

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.51.7.5

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illu More

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illustrates the dark sides of the construct. This conceptual research paper applies entrepreneurship literature to generate new insights into entrepreneurship in organized crime and entrepreneurs in criminal organizations. Criminal entrepreneurship is found in organized crime, where criminal entrepreneurs choose to organize a criminal business enterprise in order to exploit illegal market opportunities. Entrepreneurial opportunities can be exploited in a variety of ways, depending on strategy and available resources. As organised crime is growing locally as well as globally, law enforcement agencies need to develop their understanding of strategic criminal entrepreneurship. Based on perspectives in this paper, the dark side of Entrepreneurship needs to be further explored within both the legitimate and illegitimate business sector in the local as well as global perspective in future research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Analyzing of the Necessary Factors for the Developing Science and Technology Pole in Qazvin Province
mehrnoosh mirzaei mohammad reza karbalaei rezaei maziar amirhosseini

10.7508/jstpi.2018.04.002

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.56.6.1

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change support More

The Field of science and technology can increase productivity through the formulation and implementation of supportive policies, proper rules and institutional frameworks. Moreover it can stimulate sustainable economic growth through dynamic technological change supported by efficient and effective innovation systems. Creating a suitable environment for national and provincial innovation will allow companies and industries to grow, generate more profits, and create more employment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analayze the necessary areas for regional development of science and technology in Qazvin province. For this purpose, using the field method, researchers and owners of knowledge based companies as a sample population. The questionnaires were completed and variables with Likert scale were evaluated and defined factors analized and prioritized for regional development of science and technology. The results of this study indicate that Qazvin province should have the necessary indicators to create the science and technology area. With the creation of a pole of science and technology, it is possible to take effective steps in developing the province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Identifying the Factors Affecting Technological Learning in Developing Countries
Nasrin Dastranj

10.52547/jstpi.20751.16.61.62

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.16.61.4.9

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, respond More

Technological learning is defined as an endogenous way of generating technological capabilities in developing countries, reflecting the ability of an organization to effectively use, absorb and adapt external technologies, and develop new technologies over time, responding to environmental changes. Three important features of technological learning include gradual technological change, international diffusion of technology and local technological endeavors. In this research, the factors influencing technological learning have been identified. According to studies, two main components, including technological capability (absorption capacity) and catch up strategy have been introduced as key components. Then, by analyzing the components, the main factors of each have been identified and modeled. Capabilities have been identified with a set of factors that are categorized as enterprise factors (including internal knowledge of employees, organizational strategies, and technological capabilities), national factors (including market conditions and competitive environment, culture and education, policies and regulations, and Technical infrastructure) and global factors (including fluidity, multiplicity of innovations, and complexity of technologies). The level of these capabilities will determine the catch up strategy. Understanding these factors helps to influence the speed and power of technological learning in firms and industries in developing countries. Considering the development of technological capabilities and absorption capacity at the level of enterprises with the aim of promoting the localization of technology, choosing the appropriate method for acquiring technology in order to encourage learning and acquiring new skills, as well as paying attention to the development of complementary capabilities will lead to the development of technological learning and the success of the technological plans in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Strategic Fit Between Innovation Strategies and the Performance of Knowledge-Based Businesses
Farshad Ghaderi Fariborz Rahimnia

10.52547/jstpi.20928.17.66.21

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.66.5.1

Paying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention More

Paying attention to the position and role of knowledge-based companies in advancing the country's economic and social goals is very important. On the other hand, the issue of dynamism and market turbulence in today's markets makes it even more important to pay attention to these businesses. The knowledge-based companies are based on innovation in business. However, the turmoil in markets and competition makes it important to pay attention to the dimensions of innovation strategies in different environmental conditions, and the business of students who do not consider innovation in line with environmental conditions may fail in innovation and will not perform well. The aim of this study is to investigate the strategic relationship between innovation strategies and business performance with the role of moderating market turbulence and environmental dynamics. The statistical population of this study includes 115 knowledge-based companies in East Azerbaijan province. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling method was used and the hypotheses were analyzed using AMOS software. The results showed that product innovation and process strategy have a positive relationship with business performance. However, the modification test results showed that process innovation performs better in high environment dynamics and product innovation in high market turbulence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Designing a Digital Transformation Strategy Framework for the Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on Internet of Things Technology and Data Analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhan

10.61186/jstpi.40120.19.74.42

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.7.3

The current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundament More

The current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed in exploratory type; According to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. Data collection in the qualitative part was done with semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from universities and the road freight transportation industry of Iran who were selected using the purposive sampling method and the principle of saturation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in quantitative part and the opinions of 170 employees of this industry who were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method were obtained. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with Delphi technique, literature review and coding. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling, and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. The fifth step of the design science method was done by testing the designed strategy framework in a company in the relevant industry. The results showed that the digital transformation strategy includes two managerial and operational strategies. Also, the consequences, influencing factors, mechanisms, facilitators and obstacles were presented in this framework. Based on the results, among the components of the framework, management strategies need to be further strengthened. Manuscript profile

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